2023-06-13 20:09:42來(lái)源:魔方格
【資料圖】
副詞屬于八大詞類之一,用來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞。它們可以描述某事完成的方式、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)以及頻率。下面關(guān)于五種副詞的介紹。
五種類型的副詞
1.Adverbs of Manner方式副詞
方式副詞能夠表達(dá)出某人完成某事的方式,它最常與行為動(dòng)詞搭配使用。方式副詞包括:slowly(慢慢地)、fast(迅速地)、carefully(小心地)、carelessly(粗心地)、effortlessly(不費(fèi)力地)、urgently(急切地)。
方式副詞可以放在句末,或者直接放在動(dòng)詞后。
Jack drives very carefully.杰克開(kāi)車非常小心。He won the tennis match effortlessly.他毫不費(fèi)力地就贏了網(wǎng)球比賽。She slowly opened the present. 她慢慢打開(kāi)了禮物。2.Adverbs of Time and Frequency時(shí)間與頻率副詞
時(shí)間副詞能夠表達(dá)出某事發(fā)生的時(shí)間。它可以表達(dá)出一個(gè)具體的時(shí)間,例如兩天、昨天、三個(gè)星期前等。雖然時(shí)間副詞有時(shí)引導(dǎo)一個(gè)句子,但它常常放在句末。
We"ll let you know our decision next week.下周我們會(huì)通知你我們的決定。I flew to Dallas three weeks ago.三個(gè)星期前我飛去了達(dá)拉斯。Yesterday, I received a letter from my friend in Belfast.昨天,我收到一位貝爾法斯特的朋友的信。除了表達(dá)某事發(fā)生的頻率之外,頻率副詞與一般副詞相似。頻率副詞放在主動(dòng)詞前面,放在be動(dòng)詞后面。下面是一份常見(jiàn)的頻率副詞列表,使用頻率由高到低排列。
Always總是almost always幾乎總是usually經(jīng)常often經(jīng)常sometimes有時(shí)occasionally偶爾seldom 很少地rarely很少地almost never幾乎從不never從不He seldom takes a vacation.他的假期很少。Jennifer occasionally goes to the movies.詹妮弗偶爾去看看電影。Tom is never late for work. 湯姆上班從不遲到。3.Adverbs of Degree程度副詞
程度副詞通常表示某事完成的程度。它們通常位于句末。
They like playing golf a lot.他們很喜歡打高爾夫。She decided that she doesn"t enjoy watching TV at all. 她確定自己一點(diǎn)都不喜歡看電視。She nearly flew to Boston, but decided not to go in the end. 她差點(diǎn)就飛去波士頓了,但最后還是覺(jué)得不去了。4.Adverbs of Place地點(diǎn)副詞
地點(diǎn)副詞告訴我們某事發(fā)生的地點(diǎn)。它們包括nowhere(任何地方都不) 、anywhere(任何地方)、outside(外面)、everywhere(到處)。
Tom will go anywhere with his dog.湯姆去哪都帶著他的狗。You"ll find that there is nowhere like home.你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn),再?zèng)]有像家一樣的地方了。She found the box outside. 她在外面發(fā)現(xiàn)了這個(gè)箱子。Adverb Formation副詞構(gòu)造
1. 副詞通常是由形容詞后面加上-ly構(gòu)成。
例如:quiet – quietly(安靜地)、careful – carefully(小心地) 、careless – carelessly(粗心地)。
2.以-le結(jié)尾的形容詞變?yōu)橐?ly結(jié)尾。
例如:possible – possibly(可能地)、probable – probably(很可能地)、incredible – incredibly(難以置信地)。
3.以-y結(jié)尾的形容詞改為以-ily結(jié)尾。
例如:lucky – luckily(幸運(yùn)地)、happy – happily(快樂(lè)地)、angry – angrily(憤怒地)。
4.以-ic結(jié)尾的形容詞改為以-ically結(jié)尾。
例如:basic – basically(基本地)、ironic – ironically(諷刺地)scientific - scientifically (科學(xué)地)。
一些形容詞的變化形式是不規(guī)則的。常見(jiàn)的不規(guī)則副詞有:good – well(好地)、hard – hard(辛苦地)、fast –fast(迅速地)
Adverb Sentence Placement副詞在句中的位置1.Adverbs of Manner: Adverbs of manner are placed after the verb or entire expression (at the end of the sentence).方式副詞:方式副詞位于動(dòng)詞后面,或整個(gè)表達(dá)后面(句末)。Their teacher speaks quickly.他們老師的語(yǔ)速很快。2.Adverbs of Time: Adverbs of time are placed after the verb or entire expression (at the end of the sentence).時(shí)間副詞:時(shí)間副詞位于動(dòng)詞后或整個(gè)表達(dá)后面(句末)。She visited her friends last year.她去年去拜訪了朋友。3.Adverbs of Frequency: Adverbs of frequency are placed before the main verb (not the auxiliary verb).頻率副詞:頻率副詞位于主要?jiǎng)釉~(而非助動(dòng)詞)前面。He often goes to bed late. Do you sometimes get up early?他經(jīng)常晚睡。你有時(shí)候會(huì)早起嗎?4.Adverbs of Degree: Adverbs of degree are placed after the verb or entire expression (at the end of the sentence).程度副詞:程度副詞位于動(dòng)詞后面或整個(gè)表達(dá)后面(句末)。She"ll attend the meeting as well.她也出席了這次會(huì)議。5.Adverbs of place: Adverbs of place are generally placed at the end of a sentence.地點(diǎn)副詞:地點(diǎn)副詞一般位于句末。She walked out of the room to nowhere. 她走出了房間。
Important Exceptions to Adverb Placement副詞位置的特殊情況Some adverbs are placed at the beginning of a sentence to provide more emphasis.一些副詞位于句首,來(lái)進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)。For example: Now you tell me you can"t come!例如:現(xiàn)在你居然告訴我你不能來(lái)!Adverbs of frequency are placed after the verb "to be" when used as the main verb of the sentence.當(dāng)be動(dòng)詞作為一個(gè)句子的主要?jiǎng)釉~時(shí),頻率副詞位于be動(dòng)詞之后。Jack is often late for work.杰克上班經(jīng)常遲到。Some adverbs of frequency (sometimes, usually, normally) are also placed at the beginning of the sentence for emphasis.一些頻率副詞(有時(shí)、經(jīng)常、通常)也會(huì)位于句首,以進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)。Sometimes I visit my friends in London.我有時(shí)候會(huì)去拜訪在倫敦的朋友。