亞太經(jīng)合組織的介紹 什么是APEC?

摘要：亞太經(jīng)濟(jì)合作組織(英語(yǔ)：Asia-PacificEconomicCooperation，縮寫：APEC)，簡(jiǎn)稱亞太經(jīng)合組織，是經(jīng)濟(jì)合作的論壇平臺(tái)，其運(yùn)作是通過(guò)非約束性的承

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　　亞太經(jīng)濟(jì)合作組織(英語(yǔ)：Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation，縮寫：APEC)，簡(jiǎn)稱亞太經(jīng)合組織，是經(jīng)濟(jì)合作的論壇平臺(tái)，其運(yùn)作是通過(guò)非約束性的承諾與成員的自愿，強(qiáng)調(diào)開放對(duì)話及平等尊重各成員意見(jiàn)，不同于其他經(jīng)由條約確立的政府間組織。

　　1. 什么是APEC?

　　根據(jù)英文直譯，APEC意為Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation(亞太經(jīng)濟(jì)合作)?？梢俏覀冞@樣稱呼她，總覺(jué)得有些便扭。那么該怎樣稱呼她呢?是叫亞太經(jīng)合組織、亞太經(jīng)合會(huì)、還是叫論壇?國(guó)內(nèi)最開始時(shí)，對(duì)APEC的稱呼是有些混亂的。但到了92年，考慮到APEC設(shè)立了秘書處，開始了某種機(jī)制化的進(jìn)程，我國(guó)外交部經(jīng)商國(guó)內(nèi)主要協(xié)作部門后，將APEC定名為"亞太經(jīng)濟(jì)合作組織"。

　　但APEC秘書處出版的"APEC Brochure 2001"，首段就將APEC定位為區(qū)域論壇。另外，中國(guó)前任APEC高官王隅生(音同)在其所著《一個(gè)中國(guó)高官的體察》一書中稱，"嚴(yán)格說(shuō)來(lái)，根據(jù)APEC成立時(shí)的宗旨和性質(zhì)，它只是一個(gè)具有實(shí)質(zhì)內(nèi)容的官方論壇，而不是具有約束性的組?quot;。

　　2. APEC的目標(biāo)

　　Blake Island, 1993

　　APEC Economic Leaders met for the first time in November, 1993, when they held informal discussions at Blake Island near Seattle. They envisioned a community of Asia-Pacific economies, based on the spirit of openness and partnership; which would make cooperative efforts to address the challenges of: change; promote the free exchange of goods, services and investment; and work towards broadly-based economic growth, higher living and educational standards and sustainable growth that respects the natural environment.

　　1993年西雅圖布萊克島

　　1993年APEC經(jīng)濟(jì)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人在布萊克島首次聚會(huì)，設(shè)想建立一個(gè)基于開放態(tài)度和伙伴精神的、由亞太各經(jīng)濟(jì)體共同組成的大家庭;大家共同努力，解決變革中遇到的挑戰(zhàn);促進(jìn)貨物、服務(wù)和投資的自由流動(dòng);努力實(shí)現(xiàn)更大范圍的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)、提高生活和教育水平，并在保護(hù)自然環(huán)境的同時(shí)實(shí)現(xiàn)可持續(xù)增長(zhǎng)。

　　In subsequent annual meetings, APEC Ministers and Leaders further refined this vision and launched mechanisms to translate it into action. In 1994 in Bogor, the vision of an open trading system became the very ambitious goal of "free and open trade and investment in the Asia-Pacific by 2010 for developed member economies and 2020 for developing ones".

　　1994年茂物

　　經(jīng)濟(jì)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人建立了雄心勃勃的茂物計(jì)劃，即：在亞太范圍內(nèi)，發(fā)達(dá)成員在2010年前實(shí)現(xiàn)貿(mào)易投資自由化，發(fā)展中成員在2020年前實(shí)現(xiàn)貿(mào)易投資自由化。

　　Osaka, 1995

　　In Osaka, APEC Leaders adopted the Osaka Action Agenda (OAA), which firmly established the three pillars of APEC activities: trade and investment liberalization, business facilitation, and economic and technical cooperation.

　　1995年日本大阪

　　APEC領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人接受大阪行動(dòng)綱領(lǐng)，建立起APEC的三大支柱：貿(mào)易投資自由化、商業(yè)便利化以及經(jīng)濟(jì)技術(shù)合作。

　　Manila, 1996

　　The Manila Action Plan for APEC (MAPA), adopted by the APEC Leaders in November 1996, compiled members" initial individual action plans to achieve the objectives outlined in Bogor. APEC Leaders also instructed that high priority be given to the following six areas of economic and technical cooperation: developing human capital; fostering safe and efficient capital markets; strengthening economic infrastructure; harnessing technologies of the future; promoting environmentally sustainable growth; and encouraging the growth of small and medium-sized enterprises.

　　1996年馬尼拉

　　將各國(guó)的單邊行動(dòng)計(jì)劃匯總，形成并通過(guò)馬尼拉行動(dòng)計(jì)劃，來(lái)落實(shí)茂物目標(biāo)。此外，各經(jīng)濟(jì)體領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人還確認(rèn)了六大優(yōu)先發(fā)展的領(lǐng)域：發(fā)展人力資本、培育安全有效的資本市場(chǎng)、加強(qiáng)經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)、利用未來(lái)技術(shù)、促進(jìn)保護(hù)環(huán)境的可持續(xù)發(fā)展、鼓勵(lì)中小企業(yè)成長(zhǎng)。

　　Vancouver, 1997

　　In Vancouver APEC Leaders recognized members" efforts to improve the commitments in their Individual Action Plans (IAPs) and reaffirmed their intention to update these annually. APEC Leaders endorsed their Ministers" agreement that action should be taken with respect to early voluntary sectoral liberalization (EVSL) in 15 sectors, with nine to be advanced throughout 1998 and implementation to begin in 1999.

　　1997年溫哥華

　　在溫哥華，APEC領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人認(rèn)識(shí)到各成員為促進(jìn)各自單邊行動(dòng)計(jì)劃中所作的承諾，做出了努力;并重申他們每年都會(huì)做出新的努力。此外，APEC領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人同意部長(zhǎng)會(huì)議上所達(dá)成的協(xié)議，即：各成員應(yīng)采取行動(dòng)實(shí)現(xiàn)部門自愿提前自由化，其中9個(gè)部門的提前自由化于1998年推動(dòng)，1999年開始實(shí)施。

　　1997年下半年開始爆發(fā)亞洲金融危機(jī)

　　Kuala Lumpur, 1998

　　In Kuala Lumpur APEC Leaders reaffirmed their confidence in the strong economic fundamentals and prospects for recovery of the economies of the Asia-Pacific. They agreed to pursue a cooperative growth strategy to end the financial crisis. They pledged efforts to strengthen: social safety nets; financial systems; trade and investment flows; the scientific and technological base; human resources development; economic infrastructure; and business and commercial links, so as to provide the base and set the pace for sustained growth into the 21st century. APEC Leaders also welcomed the Ministers" decision to seek an EVSL agreement with non-APEC members at the World Trade Organisation.

　　1998年吉隆坡

　　在吉隆坡，APEC領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人重申他們對(duì)于亞太地區(qū)雄厚的經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ)及經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇前景的信心。他們同意采取一項(xiàng)通過(guò)合作促進(jìn)增長(zhǎng)的戰(zhàn)略，來(lái)結(jié)束亞洲金融危機(jī)。他們承諾做出努力來(lái)加強(qiáng)以下方面：社會(huì)保障網(wǎng)絡(luò)、金融體系、貿(mào)易投資流動(dòng)、科技基礎(chǔ)、人力資源發(fā)展、經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施、商業(yè)聯(lián)系，以此來(lái)打下基礎(chǔ)，邁出步伐，實(shí)現(xiàn)21世紀(jì)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展。APEC領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人也歡迎部長(zhǎng)們做出的決定，即：在世界貿(mào)易組織那里與非APEC成員一起尋求部門自愿提前自由化。

　　Auckland, 1999

　　At their meeting in September 1999 in Auckland, APEC Leaders agreed that the performance and prospects of the APEC economies had improved, but they were not complacent about the risks to recovery. Accordingly they pledged to strengthen markets and improve the international framework governing trade and investment flows. APEC Leaders also put people and their prosperity at the forefront of their discussions, welcoming the more active participation of women and the business sector in APEC"s work.

　　1999年奧克蘭

　　在1999年9月奧克蘭首腦會(huì)議上，APEC領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人一致認(rèn)為，APEC各經(jīng)濟(jì)體的表現(xiàn)和前景都有所改善，但任重而道遠(yuǎn)。因此，他們承諾加強(qiáng)市場(chǎng)，改善貿(mào)易投資流動(dòng)的國(guó)際框架。此外，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人還討論了以人為本的問(wèn)題，歡迎婦女更多的參與APEC的商業(yè)活動(dòng)。