英語賓語從句小課堂 賓語從句的含義及用法

賓語從句是名詞性從句的一種。在主從復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)賓語，位于及物動詞、介詞或復(fù)合謂語之后的從句稱為賓語從句。如I didn’t know (that) he was Li Lei.

用來充作賓語的句子叫做賓語從句。如：

He asked what you were doing last night. 他問你昨天夜晚在干什么。

I didn’t know that he was wounded in the accident. 我原來不知道他在那事故中受了傷。

Can you explain why he didn’t come to the party last Sunday? 你能解釋上周星期日他為什么沒有來參加聚會嗎?

在賓語從句中須注意：

1. that 在口語中常被省略，但在正式的文體中，不能省;并且它一般不能引導(dǎo)介詞的賓語從句，但可引導(dǎo)except, but, in 等少數(shù)介詞的賓語從句。如：

I didn’t know (that) he was Li Lei. 我不知道他就是李蕾。

I will do anything I can to help you except that I’m ill. 只要我身體舒服，我愿做任何事情來幫助你。

2. 賓語從句之后帶有補足語成分時，一般須用it作形式賓語，把賓語從句放到句末，此時的that不能省。如：

The boy has made it clear that they can’t play with his toys. 那個男孩已清楚的表明他們不能玩弄他的玩具。

3. 動詞advise, ask, demand, desire, insist(堅決主張), order, propose, request, suggest(建議)等代的賓語從句須用虛擬語氣，即：(should) do的形式。

He asked that we (should) get there before nine o’clock. 他要求我們在九點鐘之前趕到那兒。

The teacher advised us that we (should) not waste our time. 老師勸告我們不要浪費時間了。

4. 賓語從句的時態(tài)與主句的時態(tài)須呼應(yīng)。

1)當(dāng)主句謂語動詞的時態(tài)是現(xiàn)在時或?qū)頃r，從句的謂語動詞可用任何所需要的時態(tài)表示。如：

He always says that he is our good friend. 他總是說他是我們的好朋友。

When the teacher knows what we have done, he will say that we have done a good deed. 當(dāng)老師知道我們所干的事情時，他會說我們做了一件好事。

2)當(dāng)主句謂語動詞的時態(tài)為過去時，從句的謂語動詞須用響應(yīng)的過去時。如：

He didn’t tell us he came from Shanghai. 他沒有告訴我們他來自上海。

He said he had read the book. 他說他讀過這本書。

3)但當(dāng)從句的內(nèi)容是客觀真理或客觀事實，而不受時間的限制時，即使主句謂語動詞為過去時，從句仍用一般現(xiàn)在時。

Chairman Mao said that all the imperialists are paper tigers. 毛主席說一切帝國主義者都是紙老虎。

When we were children, we were told that China is in the east of the world. 我們還是小孩子的時候，人們就告訴我們說中國在世界的東方。